Can you use abstract in a sentence

Although the value of G in any case cannot be found without that of 0, and although the consideration of the properties of the thermodynamic potential cannot in any case lead to results which are not directly deducible from the two fundamental laws, it affords a convenient method of formal expression in abstract thermodynamics for the condition of equilibrium between different phases, or the criterion of the possibility of a transformation.

A complete edition of his publications, edited by Robert Spearman and Julius Bate, appeared in 12 vols. Thus, the simple reflection that the door is used for the double purpose of entrance and exit leads to the notion of the Janus of the state as bifrons " two-faced" : the thought of the door as the first part of the house to which one comes, produces the more abstract idea of Janus as the "god of beginning," in which character he has special charge of the first beginnings of human life Consevius , the first hour of the day, the Calends of the month and the first month of the year in the later calendar: for the same reason his name takes the first place in the indigitamenta.

Now he develops a twofold character: as the receiver of the spolia opima he becomes associated with war, especially in the double character of the stayer of rout Stator and the giver of victory Victor , in which last capacity he later gives birth to an offshoot in the abstract conception of the goddess Victoria.

As the sky-god again he is appealed to as the witness of oaths in the special capacity of the Dins Fidius, producing once more an abstract offshoot in the goddess Fides. It was no doubt very largely political, a part of his plan for the general renaissance of Roman life, which was to centre no longer round the abstract notion of the state, but round the persons Imperial of an imperial house. The sermons of these men were largely scriptural, the cardinal evangelical truths being emphasized with reality and vigour, but with a tendency to abstract theology rather than concrete religion.

Events which greatly affected the physical condition of the human race, or were of a nature to make a deep impression on the minds of the rude inhabitants of the earth, might be vaguely transmitted through several ages by traditional narrative; but intervals of time, expressed by abstract numbers, and these constantly varying besides, would soon escape the memory.

Having condensed his doctrines in the Principe and the Discorsi, he applies their abstract principles to the example of the Florentine republic. But the History of Florence is not a mere political pamphlet. In the archives of the French Marine in Paris there were complete logs with , entries and II, abstract logs from men-of-war. His Latin is correct, and, except for an excessive and peculiar use of abstract words, shows hardly anything that might not have been written in the Augustan age.

This classification, though it is of high value in the clearing up of our conceptions of the essential contrasted with the accidental, the relation of genus, differentia and definition and so forth, is of more significance in connexion with abstract sciences, especially mathematics, than for the physical sciences.

It is this that gives the Aristotelian doctrine in its more abstract statements an air of uncertainty. As little from the side of knowledge is it likely that any theory will find acceptance which reduces all thought to a process of analysis and the discovery of abstract identity. Vitality can only be retained by close association with more abstract branches of mathematics. During the prosecution Giolitti abused his position as premier to abstract documents bearing on the case.

This abstract of the history of Yemen from ancient sources can now be verified and supplemented from inscriptions. The Tableau economique, though on account of its dryness and abstract form it met with little general favour, may be considered the principal manifesto of the school. I In formal logic it is applied to those terms which denote qualities, attributes, circumstances, as opposed to concrete terms, the names of things; thus "friend" is concrete, "friendship" abstract.

This, again, is a process of abstraction, the attainment of abstract ideas which, apart from the concrete individuals, are conceived as having a substantive existence. The final step in the process is the conception of the Absolute, which is abstract in the most complete sense. But the abstract doubt " whether after all things may not be quite other in themselves than that which by the laws of our thought they necessarily appear " is a scepticism which, though admittedly irrefutable, is as certainly groundless.

It has been well observed that his style is a medium between that of Perugino and that of Giovanni Bellini; he has somewhat more of spontaneous naturalism than the former, and of abstract dignity in feature and form than the latter. What strikes us most in his book is his wide and keen observation of social facts, and his perpetual tendency to dwell on these and elicit their significance, instead of drawing conclusions from abstract principles by elaborate chains of reasoning.

Next we must consider the machinery by which the Society is constituted and governed so as to make its spirit a living energy and not a mere abstract Society is distributed into six grades: novices, scholastics, temporal coadjutors lay brothers , spiritual coadjutors, professed of the three vows, and professed of the four vows. Nature must not be conceived as merely abstract limit to the infinite striving of spirit, as a mere series of necessary thoughts for mind.

Schelling had neither the strength of thinking nor 4-he acquired knowledge necessary to hold the balance between the abstract treatment of cosmological notions and the concrete researches of special science. He early attained to the settled conviction that for the actual disposition of the solar system some abstract intelligible reason must exist, and this, after much meditation, he believed himself to have found in an imaginary relation between the "five regular solids" and the number and distances of the planets.

His idea of the universe was essentially Pythagorean and Platonic. He started with the conviction that the arrangement of its parts must correspond with certain abstract conceptions of the beautiful and harmonious. From this rare personal reminiscence we see at a glance that the mind of Plato and the mind of Aristotle were son, different, that their philosophies must diverge'; the one towards the supernatural, the abstract , the discursive, and the other towards thenatural, the substantial, the scientific.

Matter, as an abstract , unperceived substance or cause, is shown to be impossible, an unreal conception; true substance is affirmed to be conscious spirit, true causality the free activity of such a spirit, while physical substantiality and causality are held to be merely arbitrary, though constant, relations among phenomena connected subjectively by suggestion or association, objectively in the Universal Mind.

In the philosophies of Descartes and Locke a large share of attention had been directed to the idea of matter, which was held to be the abstract , unperceived background of real experience, and was supposed to give rise to our ideas of external things through its action on the sentient mind.

Before we deduce results from such abstract ideas as cause, substance, matter, we must ask what in reality do these mean - what is the actual content of consciousness which corresponds to these words?

Now Lotze took this abstract language literally, and had no difficulty in showing that, as an attribute is not separated from its substance, this supposed communication of motion does not really take place: nothing passes. According to him, we begin with an experience of ideas, in which object and idea are originally identical V orstellungsobject ; we divide this unitary experience into its subjective and objective factors; and especially in natural science we so far abstract the objects as to believe them at last to be independent things; but it is the office of psychology to warn us against this popular dualism, and to teach us that there is only a duality of psychical and physical, which are divisible, not separable, factors of one and the same content of our immediate experience; and experience is our whole knowledge.

He supposes first, that we falsely conclude from the sun being independent of each to being independent of all; secondly, that by " introjection " we falsely conclude that another's experience is in him and therefore one's own in oneself, while the sun remains outside; and thirdly, that by " reification " of abstractions, natural science having abstracted the object and psychology the subject, each falsely believes that its own abstract , the sun or the subject, is an independent thing.

Again, in being conscious of myself, I am not conscious of my mind in the abstract without my body. The result of this confusion is that the moderns have no name at all for a distinct thing, and, being mere slaves of abstract terms, constantly speak of mere attributes, such as activity, life, will, actuality, unity of mental operations, as if they were distinct things. Though, for simplicity and universality of thought, even in science, we must use the abstraction of attributes, and, by the necessity and weakness of language, must signify what are not substances by nouns substantive, we must guard against the over-abstraction of believing that a thing exists as we abstract it.

Aquinas thought that before the creation the one eternal essence of any kind was an abstract form, an idea in the intellect of God, like the form of a house in the mind of a builder, ante rem; that after the creation of any kind it is in re, as Aristotle supposed; and that, as we men think of it, it is post rem, as Aristotle also supposed. In the first sense the word is used either in the abstract , for jurisprudence generally or for a state of things in which the laws of a country are duly observed "law and order" , or in the concrete for some particular rule or body of rules.

About the middle of the 3rd century an abstract of the geographical portions of Pliny's work was produced by Solinus; and, early in the 4th, the medical passages were collected in the Medicina Plinii.

It is worth noticing that it was in this manner that this remarkable property of the circle, with which, in fact, abstract geometry was inaugurated, presented itself to the imagination of Dante: " 0 se del mezzo cerchio far si puote Triangol si, ch'un retto non avesse. Great care was taken by the scribes in these renderings to mitigate the anthropomorphic expressions applied to God in the Scriptures, and by paraphrase, the use of abstract terms and indirect phraseology, to prevent such expressions from giving rise to erroneous views as to God's personal manifestation in the popular mind.

The lessons derived from the abstract principles enunciated by the physiologist, the chemist and the physicist require, however, to be modified to suit the special circumstances of plants under cultivation. Hume naturally expected that the world would see as clearly as he did the connexion between the concrete problems agitating contemporary thought and the abstract principles on which their solution depended.

Thus general or abstract ideas are merely copies of a particular impression conceived in a particular manner. That the propositions are hypothetical in this fashion does not imply any distinction between the abstract truth of the ideal judgments and the im p erfect correspondence of concrete material with these abstract relations. Neopythagoreanism was the first product of an age in which abstract philosophy had begun to pall.

The interests of Prussia, he urged, had been too often sacrificed to abstract ideas. So logical and uncompromising a thinker as Godwin could not go far in the discussion of abstract questions without exciting the most lively opposition in matters of detailed opinion.

When Hellenism came to stand in the world for something concrete and organic, it was, of course, no mere abstract principle, but embodied in a language, a literature, an artistic tradition. Since Mahomet's strength lay in his enthusiastic and fiery imagination rather than in the wealth of ideas and clearness of abstract thought on which exact reasoning depends, it follows that the older suras, in which the former qualities have free scope, must be more attractive to us than the later.

A fatwa is a decision according to Koran and Sunna, but without reasons, on an abstract case of law which is brought before the mufti by appeal from the cadi's judgment or by reference from the cadi himself. In the "Adam and Eve" of the next year, we find Diirer treating the human form in an entirely opposite manner; constructing it, that is, on principles of abstract geometrical proportion. They range from subjects of the homeliest and most mirthful realism to others serious and devout, and from literal or almost literal transcripts of natural form to the most whimsically abstract combinations of linear pattern and tendril.

First appeared an abstract , the Regesta chronologico-diplomatica regum atque imperatorum Romanorum Frankfort, , which was followed by the Regesta chronologico-diplomatica Karolorum. In the principate, patrician rank, a sort of abstract conception based upon the earlier state of affairs, was held to be a dignity suitable to be conferred on an individual holder of office.

Abstract argument has shown that change in the unity is impossible; yet the senses tell us that hot becomes cold, hard becomes soft, the living dies, and so on. Here, as in contemporaneous criticisms of Kant's ethical writings, Hegel aims at correcting the abstract discussion of a topic by treating it in its systematic interconnexions. In what we may call their psychological aspect these three stages are known as the abstract stage, or that of understanding Verstand , the dialectical stage, or that of negative reason, and the speculative stage, or that of positive reason Vernunft.

The abstract or dogmatic thinker believes his object to be one, simple and stationary, and intelligible apart from its surrounding. In the realm of abstract thought these transitions take place lightly.

He lays special stress on the point that abstract ideas when held in their abstraction are almost interchangeable with their opposites - that extremes meet, and that in every true and concrete idea there is a coincidence of opposites. Being - the abstract " is " - is nothing definite, and nothing at least is. The terms treated under the first head, in addition to those already mentioned, are the abstract principles of quantity and number, and their application in measure to determine the limits of being.

But the relations of Philo- pure thought, losing their inwardness, appear as relations of of space and time; the abstract development of thought sophy nature. The first treats of space, time, matter, movement; and in the solar system we have the representation of the idea in its general and abstract material form. Telesio was the head of the great South Italian movement which protested against the accepted authority of abstract reason, and sowed the seeds from which sprang the scientific methods of Campanella and Bruno, of Bacon and Descartes, with their widely divergent results.

The following is an abstract of Gadow's very interesting account. He displayed similar wisdom and liberality in political affairs by appointing a commission to prepare an abstract of the Roman laws and imperial decrees, which should form the authoritative code for his Roman subjects.

Even Epicureanism, which might appear concrete, was by him rightly designated abstract. His hatred of system, incapacity for abstract thinking, and intense personality rendered it impossible for him to do more than utter the disjointed, oracular, obscure dicta which gained for him among his friends the name of "Magus of the North. Nor does the use of abstract ideas and terms make any difference.

The speculative sciences, indeed, are classified according to their relation to form, pure, abstract or concrete, i. In the sphere of abstract form, mathematics, the like may be allowed, abstraction being treated as an elimination of matter from the cn voXov by one act. Facts are opposed to abstract universals. In any piece of presumed knowledge its partial or abstract character involves the presence of loose edges which force the conviction of inadequacy and the development of contradictions.

This is a meaning or universal, which can have no detached or abstract self-subsistence. He was not concerned with speculative questions about God, nor with abstract theories of his relationship to the soul and to the world.

It is not God as abstract , infinite and eternal, as the far-away creator of the universe, or even as the ruler of the world, which Paul worships, but it is God revealed in Jesus Christ, the Father of Jesus Christ, the grace and mercy in Jesus Christ which deliver from evil. In this they differed from the Eleatics and the Pythagoreans who thought in the abstract , and explained knowledge and existence in metaphysical terminology. The extent of the material thus introduced out of course may be seen from the following abstract.

The subject of mechanics may be divided into two parts: 1 theoretical or abstract mechanics, and 2 applied mechanics. Any scheme of abstract dynamics constructed in this way, provided it be self-consistent, is mathematically legitimate; but from the physical point of view we require that it should help us to picture the sequence of phenomena as they aCtually occur.

The complete determination of the result of a collision under given circumstances is not a matter of abstract dynamics alone, but requires some auxiliary assumption.

Oxford, , P. But to the man of ordinary understanding, unused to the rarefied atmosphere of abstract thought, this conception of a transcendental, impersonal Spirit and the unreality of the phenomenal world can have no meaning: what he requires is a deity that stands in intimate relation to things material and to all that affects man's life. Laynez at the council of Trent has given one signal instance of its working, but its operations were by no means confined to the abstract field of dogma.

At first sight this abstract question seemed endlessly remote from the practical policy of Escobar; really there is a close connexion between the two. Since, however, we learn from Bmda that already in his time Cadmon had had many imitators, the abstract probability is rather unfavourable than otherwise to the assumption that a collection of poems contained in a late 10th century MS. His purpose was to defend what may be called a humanist position in moral philosophy; that is, to show that morality was not an affair of mysterious innate principles, or abstract relations, or supernatural sanctions, but depended on the familiar conditions of personal and social welfare.

Though in its abstract statement John Mill's doctrine may not differ very greatly from that of his predecessors, actually there is a vast change. Philosophy is altogether practical; it is of little matter to the fortunes of humanity what abstract notions one may entertain concerning the nature and the principles of things. The first were the speculative or logical philosophers, who construe the universe ex analogia hominis, and not ex analogia mundi, who fashion nature according to preconceived ideas, and who employ in their investigations syllogism and abstract reasoning.

The principal objects of physics are concrete substances, or abstract though physical qualities. The research into abstract qualities, the fundamental problem of physics, comes near to the metaphysical study of forms, which indeed differs from the first only in being more general, and in having as its results a form strictly so called, i.

But its inquiries may be directed either towards concrete bodies or towards abstract qualities. And if it be larger and wider, we must observe whether, by indicating to us new particulars, it confirm that wideness and largeness as by a collateral security, that we may not either stick fast in things already known, or loosely grasp at shadows and abstract forms, not at things solid and realized in matter.

For the later years of his life his labours may be summed up under the following heads: 1 On the conservation of energy; 2 on hydro-dynamics; 3 on electro-dynamics and theories of electricity; 4 on meteorological physics; 5 on optics; and 6 on the abstract principles of dynamics. The relative magnitude and value of these mineral products may be seen in the following abstract from the official returns of - Government.

Verses are the indirect abstract of the speech's argument, but in verses the apostle, carried away by the thought and barrier of the moment as he dictates to his amanuensis, forgets the original situation.

He wrote a detailed narrative of his expedition, of which a full abstract was embodied by Arrian in his Indica - one of the most interesting geographical treatises of antiquity. Cudworth and Clarke had tried to place ethics on a nobler footing, but their speculations were too abstract for Butler and not sufficiently "applicable to the several particular relations and circumstances1 of life.

In contrast to More's Utopia, the work is cold and abstract , and lacking in practical detail. Of speculative interest the ordinary Roman had as little as may be; for abstract discussion and controversy he cared nothing. The duty of the enqueteurs was to make an abstract of the written documents and report on them.

But the intenser religious life before which deism fell was also a revolt against the abstract and argumentative orthodoxy of the time.

It is said in the Mani Kambum to have fallen from heaven in a casket Tibetan, samatog , and, like the last-mentioned work, is only known to us in meagre abstract. But it suited also the practical bent of the Roman mind, with its comparative indifference to abstract speculation or purely scientific research.

His moral ideal is no abstract one, and the virtues he praises are those which in his view made up the truly Roman type of character. Among his most remarkable works may be mentioned his ten memoirs on quantics, commenced in and completed in ; his creation of the theory of matrices; his researches on the theory of groups; his memoir on abstract geometry, a subject which he created; his introduction into geometry of the "absolute"; his researches on the higher singularities of curves and surfaces; the classification of cubic curves; additions to the theories of rational transformation and correspondence; the theory of the twenty-seven lines that lie on a cubic surface; the theory of elliptic functions; the attraction of ellipsoids; the British Association Reports, and , on recent progress in general and special theoretical dynamics, and on the secular acceleration of the moon's mean motion.

She is not so much a woman as woman in the abstract ; and perhaps on this very account the poems written for her by her lover have been taken to the heart by countless lovers who came after him. It substituted the work of the genius for the miraculous intervention of Providence, but, apart from certain abstract formulae such as Truth and Right, knew nothing of why or how. For an abstract thinker he was strangely in love with the concrete facts of life. As a general argument his account of the determination of the will is defective, notably in his abstract conception of the will and in his inadequate, but suggestive, treatment of causation, in regard to which he anticipates in important respects the doctrine of Hume.

It will not be easy to infuse into so abstract and bloodless a term as "metaphysics" the fuller life and especially the inclusion of ethical considerations suggested by the more concrete term "philosophy.

The first statement may frequently turn out to have been merely provisionally or relatively true; it is then superseded by, or rather inevitably merges itself in, a less abstract account. The difficulty already hinted at, which individualistic systems of ethics experience in connecting particular duties with the abstract principle of duty is a proof of the failure of their method. One can see how a language not originally suited for abstract problems and theological dialectics was slowly but surely improved and made capable of expressing profound and subtle ideas.

One more collection, an abstract from the Greek Basilica, published by Donici Jassy, , must be mentioned, for through it the legal. In later times, with the introduction of Greek gods into the Roman theological system, Consus, who had never been the object of special reverence, sank to the level of a secondary deity, whose character was rather abstract and intellectual.

The interest in abstract exposition of clearly formulated theological ideas is everywhere subordinate to the polemical purpose. The pilgrimage was so intimately connected with the wellbeing of Mecca, and had already such a hold on the Arabs round about, that Mahomet could not afford to sacrifice it to an abstract purity of religion, and thus the old usages were transplanted into Islam in the double form of the omra or vow of pilgrimage to Mecca, which can be discharged at any time, and the hajj or pilgrimage at the great annual feast.

Then, what is Abstract about me that bothers you? You don't think they took it as an Abstract question? I issued the Abstract of our moving history, and it's over three pages. This isn't anything Abstract. How should I put it? It's Abstract. I'm doing an Abstract floor rubbing. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits.

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